Fourth Circuit -- US v. Tyerail Massenburg

US v. Tyerail Massenburg

Lack of eye contact and standing a bit apart from the others is insufficient grounds for a frisk during a Terry stop where the police are responding to an anonymous report of shots fired.

The collective knowledge rule (knowledge of instructing officer imputed to executing officer) does not operate in the aggregate (the sum of all knowledge possessed by policemen at the scene) - some degree of connection or instruction is required.